NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

February 28, 2003 --- 2nd Part

VI. Foreign Economic Relations

Rapid growth was registered in foreign trade. Total value of import and export in 2002 reached 620.8 billion US dollars, up 21.8 percent over the previous year. The value of export was 325.6 billion US dollars, up 22.3 percent, and the value of import was 295.2 billion US dollars, up 21.2 percent.

Table 7: Import and Export by Major Categories

Growth of different degrees was seen in exports to major trade partners. In 2002, China’s export to the United States was 70.0 billion US dollars, up 28.9 percent over the previous year; to Hong Kong SAR, 58.5 billion US dollars, up 25.6 percent; to Japan 48.4 billion US dollars, up 7.8 percent; to European Union countries 48.2 billion US dollars, up 17.9 percent; to ASEAN countries 23.6 billion US dollars, up 28.3 percent; to the Republic of Korea 15.5 billion US dollars, up 23.8 percent; to Taiwan Province 6.6 billion US dollars, up 31.7 percent; and to Russian 3.5 billion US dollars, up 29.9 percent.

Figure 5: Notable Increase in Imports and Exports

Foreign direct investment increased steadily. In 2002, the contracted foreign capitals through foreign direct investment stood at 82.8 billion US dollars, up 19.6 percent, and the foreign capitals actually utilized were 52.7 billion US dollars, up 12.5 percent.

Foreign economic and technical cooperation maintained good momentum. In 2002, the accomplished business revenue through contracted projects and labor contracts was 14.4 billion US dollars, up 18.2 percent. The value involved in the new contracts signed was 17.9 billion US dollars, up 8.7 percent.

VII. Transportation, Post, Telecommunications and Tourism

Continued steady growth was scored in transportation, posts and telecommunications. In 2002, the value-added of the sector reached 551.8 billion yuan, up 7.7 percent over the previous year.

Table 8: Traffic Volume Completed by Various Transportation Means

The business transactions of postal and telecommunication services in 2002 totaled 554.7 billion yuan, up 21.7 percent over the previous year. Of this total, that of postal services stood at 49.5 billion yuan, up 8.2 percent; that of telecommunication services was 505.2 billion yuan, up 23.2 percent. By the end of 2002, the total capacity of office exchanges reached 283.58 million gates, including 27.92 million gates of newly increased capacity during the year. Fixed telephone subscribers reached 214.42 million with 34.05 million new subscribers. Of this total, 135.95 million were urban subscribers and 78.47 million were rural subscribers. By the end of 2002, the total telephone subscribers and mobile telephone users numbered 421.04 million in China, an increase of 95.45 million as compared with that at the end of previous year. There were 33.7 telephones per 100 persons in China.

Figure 6: Rapid Growth of Telephone Subscribers (Year-end Figures)

Tourism developed continuously. The year 2002 saw 877.82 million domestic tourists, up 12 percent over the previous year. Income from domestic tourism stood at 387.8 billion yuan, up 10.1 percent. In 2002, China received 97.91 million visitors from overseas, up 10 percent. Of all visitors to China, 13.44 million were foreigners, up 19.7 percent; 84.47 million were Chinese compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, up 8.6 percent. Of all the tourists from overseas, 36.80 million stayed in China for at least one night, up 11 percent. Income of foreign exchange from international tourism reached 20.4 billion US dollars, up 14.6 percent. A total of 16.60 million Chinese went abroad in the year 2002, up 36.8 percent over the previous year, including 10.06 million for private visits, up 44.9 percent and representing 60.6 percent of all out-going visitors.

VIII. Banking, Security and Insurance

Money supply registered rapid increase. By the end of 2002, the money supply of broad sense (M2) was 18,500.7 billion yuan, up 16.8 percent over the previous year, and that of narrow sense (M1) was 7,088.2 billion yuan, up 16.8 percent. The cash in circulation (M0) amounted to 1,727.8 billion yuan, up 10.1 percent.

Savings deposits and loans of financial institutions increased by a large margin. The savings deposit in Renminbi and foreign exchange in all financial institutions at the end of 2002 totaled 18,338.8 billion yuan, up 18.1 percent. The loans in Renminbi and foreign exchanges in various forms in all financial institutions reached 13,980.3 billion yuan, up 15.4 percent on comparable basis. The structure of loans continued to improve. The loans by rural credit cooperatives stood at 1,394.0 billion yuan, an increase of 195.3 billion yuan. The consumption loans totalled 1,066.9 billion yuan, an increase of 369.4 billion yuan, of which, the loans for individual housing were 825.8 billion yuan, an increase of 267.1 billion yuan.

Table 9: Savings Deposits and Loans in Renminbi and Foreign Currencies of All Financial Institutions

Figure 7: Significant Increase of Savings Deposits in RMB by Urban and Rural Residents

In 2002, funds raised through issuing stocks and share rights at Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges were 96.2 billion yuan, a decrease of 29.0 billion yuan over the previous year. Of this total, 102 companies issued A shares (including newly issued and convertible loan stock) and another 22 companies issued A shares rights at Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges, with capital paid-in topped 78.0 billion yuan, a decline of 40.2 billion over 2001. The issue of 16 B shares and H shares helped to draw 18.2 billion yuan worth of foreign capital, an increase of 11.2 billion yuan. The number of listed companies (with A or B shares) in China’s stock markets rose from 1,160 at the end of 2001 to 1,224 at the end of 2002, worth of 3,832.9 billion yuan, down by 11.9 percent.

In 2002, the insurance premium of domestic and foreign insurance companies totaled 305.3 billion yuan, up 44.3 percent over the previous year. Of this total, the premium of life insurance was 195.7 billion yuan, that of health and unforeseen accident insurance was 31.8 billion yuan, and that of property insurance was 77.8 billion yuan. The insurance companies paid an indemnity of 70.7 billion yuan as reparations in insurance programs, of which the indemnity of life insurance was 22.5 billion yuan, and that of health insurance was 5.0 billion yuan. Another 43.2 billion yuan was paid as reparations in property and unforeseen accident insurance programs.

IX. Education, Science and Technology

Education of all levels and forms made further development. There were 9.03 million enrolled undergraduates in general universities, including 3.21 million new entrants. Institutions of adult higher education had 5.59 million enrolled students, including 2.22 million new entrants. There were 500,000 enrolled postgraduates in universities or research institutes, including 200,000 new entrants. There were 16.84 million students in general senior secondary schools including 6.67 million new entrants, and 11.97 million students in secondary vocational or technical schools of various types, including 4.70 million new entrants. Students enrolled in junior secondary schools totaled 66.87 million, including 22.81 million new entrants, and 19.04 million were graduated. Pupils enrolled in primary schools numbered 121.57 million, including 19.53 new entrants, and 23.52 were graduated. There were 371,000 students in special education schools, with 53,000 new entrants. Kindergartens accommodated 20.36 million kids.

Table 10: New Entrants and Graduates in Five Years               

Significant progress was made in R&D activities and in their industrialization. In 2002, the expenditure on R&D for the whole country was 116.1 billion yuan, up 11.3 percent over 2001, accounting for 1.1% of the GDP. Of this total, 7.4 billion yuan was used for basic researches. China had 28.48 million professionals and technicians of all specializations working in state-owned enterprises and institu璽ions at the end of the year. China implemented 219 projects under the National Key Technologies R&D Program and 1812 projects under the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863 Program), organized 1318 projects under the China Innovation Fund and 1288 projects under the National New Products Program, and completed the development and evaluation of 105 projects of major technical equipment. A total of 347 demonstration projects were launched for the industrialization of the Hi-Tech research outcomes. A total of 29,000 accomplishments were made at and above the provincial or ministerial levels, including 2,000 accomplishments in basic researches, 25,700 accomplishments in applied researches, and 1,300 accomplishments in soft science researches. A total of 252,632 patent applications were received from domestic and overseas applicants, while 132,401 patents were authorized, up 24 percent and 16 percent respectively. A total of 230,000 contracts on the transfer of technology were signed, involving a transaction value of 88.0 billion yuan, up by 12.5 percent over 2001. Important breakthroughs were made in the areas of IT, biotechnology and manned space technology, represented by the successful development of the CPU chip “Dragon I”, remarkable achievements in the genetic code of rice and the successful launching and returning of the spacecraft Shenzhou III and Shenzhou IV.

Comprehensive technical services further improved. There were altogether 5,500 institutions in China responsible for the inspection of the quality of manufactured products, including 240 national inspection centers. There were 122 institutions involved in the certification of product quality and systems, which accumulatively certified products from 46,000 enterprises. There were altogether 4,770 authorized measurement inspection institutions, which enforced compulsory inspection on 31.05 million measuring instruments in 2002. A total of 1,049 national standards were formulated or revised, including 514 new standards. There were 256 meteorological observatories with radar installations and 356 satellite cloud map receiving stations. There were 1,305 seismological monitoring stations and 35 remote monitoring network stations. There were 1,505 marine monitoring spots. Surveying and mapping departments published 1,552 kinds of maps and 340 kinds of books.

Some 156 new mineral deposits of large or medium scale were discovered through national land resources surveys and geological surveys. Increased reserves were found for 43 minerals, including 1,050 million tons of crude oil, 441.1 billion cubic meters of natural gas and 760 million tons of coal. There were 31 provincial geological environmental monitoring stations, which made successful forecasts on 703 geological disasters.

X. Culture, Public Health and Sports

Fairly fast development continued in cultural and art undertakings, in broadcasting, movie and television programs and in news and publishing undertakings. At the end of year, there were 2,592 art-performing groups, 2,847 culture centers, 2,689 public libraries and 1,451 museums in China. There were 306 broadcasting stations, 770 medium and short wave radio transmitting and relaying stations and 360 television stations throughout China. The cable television users reached 96.38 million. China produced 100 feature movies and 69 scientific, educational, documentary or cartoon films. National and provincial newspapers issued 23 billion copies; magazines, 3 billion copies; and books, 6.8 billion copies. There were 3,902 archives in China where 49.08 million documents were made accessible to the public.

Table 11:  Radio Broadcasting, Television and Publications in Five Years

Stable progress was made in public health undertakings. At the end of the year, there were 290,000 health care institutions in China, including 65,000 hospitals and health care stations, with a total of 3.21 million beds, 2.20 million of which in hospitals and health care stations; and 4.44 million health workers, including 2.11 million doctors and 1.30 million senior and junior nurses. China had 5,687 epidemic/disease prevention stations employing 220,000 health workers, and 3,047 maternal and child health-care institutions employing 140,000 health workers. There were 48,000 health-care institutions at township level in rural areas, with 750,000 beds and 1.03 million health workers. Rural villages with medical care stations made up 89.8 percent of all villages in China, employing 1.29 million rural doctors and health workers.

Vigorous development was scored in sports. In 2002, Chinese athletes won 110 world championships at domestic and international sports games. Seventeen athletes and 5 teams broke 29 world records on 33 occasions, 14 athletes and 11 teams broke 24 Asian records on 25 occasions. At the 14th Asian Games, China won 150 gold medals, 84 silver medals and 74 bronze medals, keeping its first place in terms of gold medals and all medals.

XI. Environment Protection

The air quality in the urban areas picked up gradually. Among the 339 cities under the environment monitoring program, the air quality of 117 cities met Grade II, accounting for 34.5 percent of all, up by 1.1 percentage points over the pervious year; 114 cities met Grade III, accounting for 33.6 percent, equal to the previous year; and the rest 108 cities failed to meet Grade III, accounting for 31.9 percent, or down by 1.3 percentage points. Among 322 cities that were under road noise monitoring program, 5 percent had serious noise pollution; as for the 315 cities that were under area noise monitoring program, 52.1 percent of the cities had less noise pollution than the set standard for urban living areas. There were 3,369 smoke/dust control zones established, covering an area of 23,000 square kilometers; and there were another 3,128 zones covering 15,000 square kilometers, where the noise pollution was controlled within the standard.

Figure 8: Air Quality in Monitored Cities

The quality of the ground water made some improvement. In the mainstreams of the seven main river systems, 52.9 percent of the measured sections met National Grade III, up by 1.2 percentage points over the previous year; 19.0 percent met Grade IV, down by 7.1 percentage points; 7.8 percent met Grade V, down by 5 percentage points; and 20.3 percent failed to meet Grade V, up by 10.9 percentage points. The water quality of the offshore marine areas tended to improve. Out of the 381 offshore monitoring points, 21.3 percent of the points reported that the marine water quality reached National Grade I, up by 7.9 percentage points, 28.3 percent reached Grade II; 14.4 percent reached Grade III; 8.9 reached Grade IV, and the remaining 27.1 percent exceeded Grade IV.

The protection of the ecological system was further enhanced. There were 82 national ecological demonstration zones involving 314 pilot areas or units. China had 1,757 natural reserves including 188 national reserves. The reserves cover 132.95 million hectares or 13.2 percent of the total land areas of the country.

XII. Population, People’s Life and Social Securities

The natural growth rate of population continued to decline. At the end of 2002, the total population of China was 1,284.53 million. The year 2002 saw 16.47 million births with a crude birth rate of 12.86 per thousand, and 8.21 million deaths with a crude death rate of 6.41 per thousand. The net growth of population in 2002 was 8.26 million, representing a natural growth rate of 6.45 per thousand.

Table 12: Composition of Population

The living standard of urban and rural population continued to improve. The annual per capita disposable income of urban households was 7,703 yuan in 2002, a real increase of 13.4 percent with decline in prices taken into consideration. The per capita net income of rural households was 2,476 yuan, a real increase of 4.8 percent. The Engel coefficients (referring to the proportion of expenditures on food to the total consumption expenditures of households) were 37.7 percent for the urban households and 46.2 percent for the rural households, down by 0.2 percentage points and 1.5 percentage points respectively over the previous year. The population in poverty in the rural areas was 28.20 million at the end of 2002, 1.07 million less than 2001.

Table 13: Improvement in People’s Life in Five Years

The social security system was further consolidated. By the end of 2002, 147.31 million people participated in basic pension programs, including 111.28 million staff and workers and 36.03 million retirees. Some 14.34 million retirees received their pension through socialized network. A total of 101.82 million people participated in unemployment insurance programs while 4.4 million received payment from the programs, 1.27 million more than the previous year. The basic health insurance programs involved 94 million people, 17.7 million more than 2001. A national total of 20.54 million urban residents received the minimum income relief from the government.

The social welfare work continued to develop. There were 1.19 million beds in social welfare institutions of various types, accommodating for 890,000 inmates. Some 190,000 service facilities in the communities were established in urban areas, including 8,820 community service centers. In 2002, China sold 17 billion yuan worth of social welfare lottery tickets, collected 6 billion yuan of social welfare funds and received 1.2 billion yuan from direct donations.

Notes:

1) All figures in the Communique are preliminary statistics.

2) Statistics in the Communique do not include figures for Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR and TaiwanProvince.

3) Figures in value terms on gross domestic product and value-added quoted in the Communiqué are at current prices, whereas growth rates are calculated at comparable prices.

4) Newly increased production capacity figures with regard to the telephone switchboards, length of optical-fiber cables and digital cellular mobile phone switchboards include the capacity built through technical updating and transformation projects.

5) The value of business transactions of postal and telecommunication services was calculated at the constant prices of 2000.


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